Pets can bring so much joy and a real sense of connection both in therapeutic environments and at home.  

Recent studies have shown that animal-assisted therapy (AAT) provides significant mental health benefits. These findings are supported by research across various fields, including psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience.

How can pets in therapy help? 

1. Reduction in Stress and Anxiety: Studies indicate that interactions with animals, particularly dogs, can lower levels of cortisol, the body’s primary stress hormone. One study conducted by Barker et al. (2016) showed that petting dogs for even a few minutes can significantly reduce stress levels in patients. This has been particularly beneficial in high-stress environments, such as hospitals and care facilities.

2. Improvement in Mood and Depression Symptoms: Animal-assisted interventions have been shown to reduce symptoms of depression. A 2020 meta-analysis by Beetz et al. reviewed multiple clinical trials and found that AAT participants experienced a marked decrease in depressive symptoms compared to control groups. Animals, especially dogs and horses, have a soothing presence that promotes emotional stability and improved well-being.

3. Boost in Social Interaction and Communication: For individuals with social anxiety or autism spectrum disorders, animals can serve as a bridge to improve communication skills. A 2018 study by O’Haire et al. observed that children with autism showed increased social interaction and verbal communication when involved in sessions with therapy animals, particularly dogs and horses.

4. Pain Management and Physical Recovery: Animal-assisted therapy has been used effectively in physical rehabilitation and pain management. A 2017 study by Marcus et al. demonstrated that hospital patients undergoing AAT reported lower levels of perceived pain compared to those receiving standard care. The presence of animals seems to distract patients from discomfort and helps improve mood during recovery.

5. Support in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Veterans and trauma survivors have also benefited from animal-assisted therapy. Research by Rodriguez et al. (2018) found that veterans with PTSD who engaged with therapy dogs had a significant reduction in PTSD symptoms, such as hypervigilance and nightmares. The calming influence of therapy animals helps patients manage symptoms more effectively.

Interacting with animals can be an effective treatment for various conditions, particularly those affecting mental health. Therapy animals are now found in places like nursing homes, prisons, schools, and mental health clinics.

While dogs are the most common therapy animals, other creatures such as horses, rabbits, llamas, cats, birds, fish, ferrets, and even snakes can be used. People of all ages, from children to the elderly, benefit from these interventions, especially those dealing with mental health challenges. Children often form natural connections with animals, and individuals in hospice care find comfort in their presence.

The “oxytocin hypothesis” posits that interaction with animals stimulates the release of oxytocin, a hormone known for promoting bonding and positive social behaviors. Oxytocin is often referred to as the “love hormone” because it is heavily involved in maternal bonding, empathy, and social connection. When people engage with animals, whether through petting, playing, or simply spending time in their presence, their oxytocin levels can increase, leading to feelings of warmth, trust, and reduced anxiety. This hormonal response is believed to be one of the key mechanisms behind the mental health benefits of animal-assisted therapy, as the presence of animals helps foster a sense of safety and emotional connection. Studies show that higher oxytocin levels not only reduce stress and lower blood pressure but also enhance mood and improve overall emotional well-being, further supporting the therapeutic role animals play in promoting mental health.

Nicola Edwards of Dandelion Training and Development told the APHP: